Hair loss affects people of all ages and genders, often leading to emotional distress and a loss of confidence. Understanding the root causes is the first step toward effective treatment and prevention. From genetics to lifestyle choices, various factors can contribute to hair thinning or baldness. Always consult a medical professional before starting any new health regimen or hair loss treatment plan.
Genetic Predisposition (Androgenetic Alopecia)
Hereditary hair loss, known as androgenetic alopecia, is the most common cause of thinning hair in both men and women. It results from a genetic sensitivity to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), leading to gradual miniaturisation of hair follicles and patterned hair loss over time.
Hormonal Imbalances
Fluctuations in hormones, such as during pregnancy, menopause, thyroid disorders, or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), can trigger hair loss. These imbalances disrupt the normal hair growth cycle, leading to excessive shedding or thinning, and often require medical evaluation to manage effectively.
Stress and Emotional Trauma
High-stress levels or traumatic events can push hair follicles into a resting phase, causing a condition called telogen effluvium. Hair loss typically appears suddenly after a stressful event but is often temporary if stress is managed and the underlying issue is addressed.
Nutritional Deficiencies
Lack of essential nutrients like iron, vitamin D, zinc, and protein can impair hair growth and lead to shedding. Poor diet, eating disorders, or malabsorption conditions contribute to weakened follicles, making proper nutrition vital for maintaining healthy hair density and strength.
Medical Conditions and Illnesses
Diseases like lupus, alopecia areata, and diabetes can directly or indirectly cause hair loss. These autoimmune and systemic conditions disrupt normal hair follicle functioning, requiring specialised medical treatment to manage symptoms and promote potential regrowth when possible.
Medications and Treatments
Certain medications, including chemotherapy drugs, antidepressants, blood pressure treatments, and hormonal therapies, list hair loss as a side effect. These drugs can interfere with the hair growth cycle, causing temporary or permanent shedding depending on the dosage and individual response.
Ageing and Natural Hair Cycle Changes
As people age, the hair growth cycle naturally slows down. Follicles produce thinner, shorter hairs, and some may eventually stop producing hair altogether. This age-related thinning occurs in both men and women and is often part of the normal ageing process.
Scalp Health and Conditions
Issues like dandruff, psoriasis, fungal infections, and seborrheic dermatitis can inflame the scalp and disrupt healthy follicle function. A compromised scalp environment leads to weaker hair growth and potentially permanent loss if conditions are left untreated for extended periods.
Excessive Heat Styling and Chemical Treatments
Frequent use of heat tools, bleaching, perming, or chemical straightening weakens hair shafts and damages follicles over time. Repeated trauma to hair fibres and the scalp can result in breakage, thinning, and even traction alopecia if proper care and moderation aren’t practised.
Autoimmune Disorders (Alopecia Areata)
Alopecia areata is an autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system attacks healthy hair follicles, causing patchy hair loss. Its onset is often sudden, and while regrowth is possible, the condition can be unpredictable and may require immunotherapy or other specialised treatments.
Conclusion
Hair loss can be a complex and multifaceted issue influenced by genetics, health conditions, and lifestyle choices. Understanding these root causes allows for more targeted and effective treatments. Whether through medication, lifestyle changes, or surgical interventions, various options exist to address hair loss. Always consult a healthcare professional to create a personalised treatment plan that fits your unique needs.
